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C-X-C motif chemokine 12 is small cytokine belonging to the chemokine family that is also known as SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor-1). CXCL12 is a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4, and induces chemotactic migration in a wide range of CXCR4-expressing cells. CXCL12 is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes. During embryogenesis it directs the migration of hematopoietic cells from fetal liver to bone marrow and the formation of large blood vessels. In adulthood, CXCL12 plays an important role in angiogenesis by recruiting endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow.
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