Human CCL5 (C-C motif ligand 5; also known as RANTES) is a 68-amino-acid CC chemokine secreted by T cells, macrophages, platelets, and endothelial cells. CCL5 primarily binds CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 to attract monocytes, memory T cells, eosinophils, and basophils, playing a central role in inflammatory and antiviral responses. It also binds scavenger receptors ACKR1 and ACKR2, which modulate its gradient and bioavailability. CCL5 is a potent inhibitor of CCR5-tropic HIV-1 entry. These interactions highlight CCL5's role in chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, and tumor microenvironments.
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