Human CCL3 (C-C motif ligand 3; also known as MIP-1α) is a 69-amino-acid CC chemokine that primarily binds to the classical receptors CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5, mediating chemotaxis of monocytes, T cells, NK cells, eosinophils, and immature dendritic cells to sites of inflammation or infection. Additional interactions include the atypical scavenger receptors ACKR1 and ACKR2, which internalize and degrade the ligand to regulate chemokine bioavailability and prevent excessive leukocyte recruitment. These interactions highlight CCL3's role in acute inflammatory responses, HIV suppression, and hematopoietic stem cell inhibition. It is secreted by activated T cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts and contributes to processes such as antiviral defense, autoimmune diseases, and tumor progression.
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