Human CCL28(4-108) (C-C motif ligand 28; also known as MEC) is a 105-amino-acid mature CC chemokine with an extended C-terminal domain and six cysteines, expressed by mucosal epithelial cells (gut, salivary, mammary). While the precise CCL28 N-terminus after signal peptide processing remains somewhat uncertain, CCR10 agonist activity is maximal for the sequence starting at ILP, and much lower for other versions, including CCL28(1-108), which includes the three preceding residues (SEAILPÉ). CCL28(4-108) binds CCR10 and CCR3 to attract IgA+ plasmablasts, eosinophils, and T cells to mucosal sites. CCL28 supports mucosal immunity and neonatal protection via breast milk. These interactions highlight CCL28(4-108)'s role in mucosal homeostasis.
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