Human CXCL5 (5-78), also referred to as ENA-74 (5-78), is a truncated form of the human CXCL5 chemokine, consisting of amino acids 5 to 78. This variant arises from proteolytic cleavage of the full-length CXCL5 protein, typically by enzymes like neutrophil elastase or cathepsins during inflammatory responses. Despite the truncation, CXCL5 (5-78) retains its biological activity, binding to the CXCR2 receptor to promote neutrophil chemotaxis and activation, similar to full-length CXCL5. It also binds with high affinity to the scavenger receptor ACKR1. It is particularly potent in recruiting neutrophils to sites of inflammation or tissue damage. The truncated form is often detected in inflammatory conditions and may have enhanced stability or activity compared to the full-length protein, contributing to amplified immune responses in diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis, or cancer-associated inflammation.
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